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Sovereignty: EU vs USA vs China
Comparing the profitability of the European AI ecosystem against US tech giants (hyperscalers, OpenAI, etc.) and Chinese giants (Alibaba, Tencent, etc.).
Macro-economic Indicators
| Country | AI spend | AI revenue | Net position | Break-even |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 🇪🇺 European Union | -€4.5B | 44% | ||
| 🇺🇸 United States | -€390.9B | 55% | ||
| 🇨🇳 China | -€200B | 42% |
Financial Flows Graphic Comparison
🇪🇺 European Union€3.5B / €8B
Spend
Revenue
🇺🇸 United States€472.7B / €863.6B
Spend
Revenue
🇨🇳 China€145.5B / €345.5B
Spend
Revenue
Sovereignty Vectors
Compute & Cloud Autonomy
🇪🇺 European Union15%
🇺🇸 United States100%
🇨🇳 China90%
Europe heavily relies on US hyperscalers (AWS, GCP, Azure) for compute power, despite local initiatives like OVHcloud or Scaleway.
Semiconductor & Chip Autonomy
🇪🇺 European Union25%
🇺🇸 United States40%
🇨🇳 China30%
ASML (Netherlands) is a monopoly in EUV lithography, but advanced manufacturing is concentrated in Taiwan (TSMC) and state-of-the-art design in the US (Nvidia).
AI Model Autonomy
🇪🇺 European Union45%
🇺🇸 United States95%
🇨🇳 China80%
Mistral AI or BFL offer excellent sovereign options, but the ecosystem still depends heavily on proprietary US APIs for critical production workloads.